HCA 105 Common Health Challenges

School of Health and Human Services

HCA 105 Common Health Challenges introduces students to the normal structure and function of the human body and normal bodily changes associated with aging. Students will explore common challenges to health and healing in relation to each body system. Students will also be encouraged to explore person- centred practice as it relates to the common challenges to health and, in particular, to end-of-life care.

Notes:

Learning Outcomes with Indicators:

  1. Explain the structure and function of the human body and normal changes associated with aging:
    • 1.1 Describe the organization of the human body, including cells, tissues, and organs.
    • 1.2 Describe the structure and functions of the major body systems.
    • 1.3 Discuss the natural changes in each system associated with aging.
  2. Discuss common challenges to health and healing:
    • 2.1 Discuss the experience of illness, disability, and common challenges to healing.
    • 2.2 Discuss the experience of chronic illness and implications for care.
    • 2.3 Describe common health challenges related to each body system.
    • 2.4 Describe common neurodevelopmental disorders.
    • 2.5 Discuss how to implement a person-centred caring approach for specific health challenges.
  3. Discuss nutrition as it relates to managing common health challenges:
    • 3.1 Identify components of common special diets.
    • 3.2 Identify community resources to support clients’ dietary intake.
  4. Discuss the components of person-centred, end-of-life care for clients and families:
    • 4.1 Discuss the philosophy and principles of care used in hospice and palliative care settings.
    • 4.2 Describe caring and problem-solving as these relate to end-of-life care in facilities and in community settings.
    • 4.3 Discuss elements of legal and ethical practice in end-of-life care.
    • 4.4 Describe common reactions and experiences as people approach death.
    • 4.5 Discuss physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual needs of the dying person and appropriate interventions.
    • 4.6 Discuss common reactions of family members and ways to support the family.
    • 4.7 Describe processes involved in the care of the body after death.
    • 4.8 Discuss the effects of a client’s death on the health care workers involved in the dying process.
    • 4.9 Explain the importance of and ways to provide self-care following the death of a client.

Prerequisites: Admission to HCA Program

Accessibility Services Notice

Students who would like an academic accommodation and who have a documented disability should contact Accessibility Services, if they have not already done so.

Transfer Agreements

Course to Course transfer – NoBlock Transfer – Nobctransferguide.ca
Course Details
Total number of weeks11
Total Credits
Total Hours115
Typical hours per week breakdown
Lecture10~

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the learner will be able to:

  1. Explain the structure and function of the human body and normal changes associated with aging
  2. Discuss common challenges to health and healing
  3. Discuss nutrition as it relates to managing common health challenges
  4. Discuss the components of person-centred, end-of-life care for clients and families

Teaching and Learning Approach

All of the courses in the Health Care Assistant (HCA) Program focus on promoting the independence and autonomy of students. This approach supports the development of the soft skills required of a Health Care Assistant in the workplace and for students to successfully meet the Program Outcomes.

Instructors approach the delivery of course content as facilitators of learning, working with students to develop their strengths and recognize opportunities for growth. Peer support and feedback is supported and encouraged.

Students will be introduced to and supported through the self-reflection process, reflective learning and peer/self- evaluation. Interdisciplinary teams and team dynamics, experiential learning and application of knowledge are other concepts and strategies used. Some examples of these are group projects, case studies, quizzes, written and video discussion forums, simulation, hands on lab practice, and experiences in work settings.

The use of technology throughout the HCA Program supports skills needed in the workplace. Learn (Moodle) is the Learning Management System used to deliver and submit all course material. Zoom conferencing software is used for class discussions, meetings, group work and other activities.

Time management, prioritization and organization are foundational skills that are key to the successful navigation of the HCA Program. The calendar within Learn (Moodle) assists and guides students with these skills. Instructors are available to support individual student learning needs through virtual office hours, 1:1 meeting, email, and Zoom sessions.

Learning Resources

Required: Sorrentino, S.A., Remmert, L.N., & Wilk, M.J. (2021). Sorrentino's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker (5th Ed.). Toronto, ON: Elsevier Canada.

Detailed Course Content, Topics, and Sequence Covered

1. 1. Week 1: 12 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 8 hrs asynchronous Medical Terminology • Word elements: prefixes, roots and suffixes, and abbreviations. Structure and Function of the Human Body • Organization of the human body: cells, tissues, and organs. • Major body systems: ◦ Integumentary ◦ Musculoskeletal • Natural changes associated with aging Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): ◦ Integumentary (common skin disorders, pressure ulcers, pain). ◦ Musculoskeletal (falls, fractures, contractures, arthritis, osteoporosis, pain). • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges. End-of-Life Care • Hospice and palliative care — philosophy and principles of care. • The journey of dying — understanding and coming to terms with death and dying. • Caring and problem-solving as related to palliative care in facilities and in community settings.• Legal and ethical practice and safety in palliative care. • Quality of life issues — honouring the individual, family, and rituals. • Common reactions and experiences as people approach death. • Physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual needs and appropriate interventions. • Comfort measures for: ◦ Pain ◦ Restlessness

2. 2. Week 2: 12 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 8 hrs asynchronous Structure and Function of the Human Body • Organization of the human body: cells, tissues, and organs. • Major body systems: ◦ Respiratory • Natural changes associated with aging Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): ◦ Respiratory (cyanosis, dyspnea, apnea, orthopnea, hyperventilation, hypoventilation, COPD, asthma, pneumonia). • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges. End-of-Life Care • Hospice and palliative care — philosophy and principles of care. • The journey of dying — understanding and coming to terms with death and dying. • Caring and problem-solving as related to palliative care in facilities and in community settings. • Legal and ethical practice and safety in palliative care. • Quality of life issues — honouring the individual, family, and rituals. • Common reactions and experiences as people approach death.• Physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual needs and appropriate interventions. • Comfort measures for: ◦ Breathing Challenges

3. 3. Week 3: 12 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 8 hrs asynchronous Structure and Function of the Human Body • Organization of the human body: cells, tissues, and organs. • Major body systems: ◦ Digestive ◦ Urinary • Natural changes associated with aging Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): Digestive (vomiting, diarrhea, dysphagia, lack of appetite, dehydration, constipation, obesity, hiatal hernia, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease). ◦ Urinary (urinary tract infections, renal failure). • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges. End-of-Life Care • Hospice and palliative care — philosophy and principles of care. • The journey of dying — understanding and coming to terms with death and dying. • Caring and problem-solving as related to palliative care in facilities and in community settings. • Legal and ethical practice and safety in palliative care. • Quality of life issues — honouring the individual, family, and rituals.• Common reactions and experiences as people approach death. • Physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual needs and appropriate interventions. • Comfort measures for: ◦ Bowel Function Nutrition and Common Health Challenges • Special diets: ◦ Texture-modified diets ◦ Restricted diets ◦ Diabetic diet ◦ High protein diet ◦ Liquid and pureed diets ◦ Food allergies and intolerances • Diversity and nutrition: ◦ Vegetarian diets ◦ Belief-based diets ◦ Cultural differences • Community resources to support clients’ dietary intake.

4. 4. Week 4: 12 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 8 hrs asynchronous Structure and Function of the Human Body • Organization of the human body: cells, tissues, and organs. • Major body systems: ◦ Reproductive ◦ Endocrine • Natural changes associated with aging Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). ◦ Reproductive (benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), erectile dysfunction). ◦ Endocrine (diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism). • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges.

5. 5. Week 5: 12 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 8 hrs asynchronous Structure and Function of the Human Body • Organization of the human body: cells, tissues, and organs. • Major body systems: ◦ Nervous • Natural changes associated with aging Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): ◦ Neurological (CVA/stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS, acquired brain injuries, spinal cord injuries). ◦ Sensory challenges: • Normal sensory changes of aging. • Speech and language challenges (aphasia, apraxia, dysarthria). • Hearing and visual challenges. • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges. End-of-Life Care • Hospice and palliative care — philosophy and principles of care. • The journey of dying — understanding and coming to terms with death and dying. • Caring and problem-solving as related to palliative care in facilities and in community settings • Legal and ethical practice and safety in palliative care. • Quality of life issues — honouring the individual, family, and rituals. • Common reactions and experiences as people approach death. • Physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual needs and appropriate interventions. • Comfort measures for: ◦ Delirium

6. 6. Week 6: 12 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 8 hrs asynchronous Structure and Function of the Human Body • Organization of the human body: cells, tissues, and organs. • Major body systems: ◦ Immune • Natural changes associated with aging Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): ◦ Common communicable diseases (including, but not limited to, MRSA, VRE, C. difficile infections, influenza, coronaviruses, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, and tuberculosis). • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges.

7. 7. Week 7: 12 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 8 hrs asynchronous Structure and Function of the Human Body • Organization of the human body: cells, tissues, and organs. • Major body systems: ◦ Cardiovascular • Natural changes associated with aging Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): Cardiovascular (hypertension, hypotension, edema, coronary artery disease, blood clots, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure). • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges. End-of-Life Care • Hospice and palliative care — philosophy and principles of care. • The journey of dying — understanding and coming to terms with death and dying. • Caring and problem-solving as related to palliative care in facilities and in community settings. • Legal and ethical practice and safety in palliative care. • Quality of life issues — honouring the individual, family, and rituals. • Common reactions and experiences as people approach death.• Physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual needs and appropriate interventions. • Comfort measures for: ◦ Breathing Challenges

8. 8. Week 8: 4 hours - 2 hrs synchronous/ 2 hrs asynchronous Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): • Cancer • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges.

9. 9. Week 9: 10 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 6 hrs asynchronous Challenges to Health and Healing • The experience of illness and disability. • Common challenges to healing: ◦ Transitions ◦ Loss ◦ Pain ◦ Illness ◦ Death • Broad effects of health challenges on the individual and family (e.g., changes in physical health can be expected to also affect psychological, cognitive, social, and spiritual health). • Common disorders related to each body system (relevant examples in parenthesis): • Neurodevelopmental disorders (Down syndrome, autism spectrum, cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, phenylketonuria (PKU)). • Chronic illness: ◦ Basic definition and concepts. ◦ Implications for care. ◦ Focus on self-care. ◦ Community and consumer resources related to various health challenges.

10. 10. Week 10: 10 hours - 4 hrs synchronous/ 6 hrs asynchronous End-of-Life Care • Common reactions of family members and ways to support the family. • The moment of death and care of the body after death. Common Health Challenges • Grief and grieving. • Self-care for the caregiver: ◦ Personal and professional boundaries. ◦ Recognizing the impact of loss on the caregiver. ◦ Recognizing signs of and preventing stress and burnout. 

11. 11. Week 11: 5 hours - 2 hrs synchronous/ 3 hrs asynchronous Summative Assessment Q & A Summative Assessment

Grading Table

Standard Academic and Career Programs Grading Table

Percentage Letter Grade GPA
90-100 A+ 4.33
85-89 A 4.00
80-84 A- 3.67
76-79 B+ 3.33
72-75 B 3.00
68-71 B- 2.67
64-67 C+ 2.33
60-63 C 2.00
55-59 C- 1.67
50-54 P 1.00
0-49 F 0.00
DNW 0.00

See the Academic Calendar for General Information including how to withdraw from course(s) and other regulations.

Disclaimer

Information contained in this course outline is correct at the time of publication. Content of the course is revised on an ongoing basis to ensure relevance to changing educational, employment and market needs. The instructor will endeavor to provide notice of changes to students as soon as possible. The instructor reserves the right to add or delete material from courses.